My Understandings of Toulmin's model of argument

By argumentation, we meant by the process of putting individual's thoughts, forming reasons, justifying beliefs and drawing certain conclusions with the aim of influencing thoughts and validate the logics. In order to build an effective argumentative piece, we can go through different tools and models of argument and Stephen Toulmin's model of argument, being one of the most comprehensive model that incorporates almost all the elements required for argument, attempts to organize our argument in a well manner.

This practical and realistic approach is based on six different elements: Claim, Ground (Data and Evidence), Warrant,Backing,Rebuttal and Qualifier.

Claim is something like statement that you put forward trying to inform your readers about something or simply expressing the facts. This is the main argument that you attempt to convey your readers. We can take some examples of claim as,

1. Many boys are addicted to play PUBG        Mobile.

2. Self-Realisation takes you to the                  milestone.

Making your claim will let your reader know about the intention of writing argument and now you should support your claim to gain belief from your readers. Toulmin introduced a word called Grounds. Grounds is the root of your claim that justify your statement through the depiction of relevant data and evidence. As I mentioned some claims in aforementioned lines, in order to prove my claim. I shall present the statistics that in just year 2020, there were above 3 million downloads of PUBG Mobile from the male-users only.

The next term is Warrant that bridges over the Claim and Grounds. Of course, it is the general assumptions, universal truth, beliefs that can be summed up from the claim and grounds. To one of my few instances, warrant can be drawn as, Boys love to play games. This is my assumption that links the grounds to the claim.

You should also justify your warrant. To support the validity of your warrant, it is necessary to introduce additional data as

backing. Backing is the back support of your warrant. When I wrote my warrant as, Boys shows their high dedication towards games, many of readers might question "How do you know that?" Google has signified that many of the game downloaders are male users which backs up my warrant.

Now, Rebuttal is very interesting term defined in this model. While you present your arguments in your piece, you should also critically expect the relevant answers or opinions from your readers and with that anticipation, you should mention your statement addressing the expected response from the readers. Rebuttal in the case of mine can be, we should not forget that boys also show their dedication towards playing Free-fire to many extent. This counters your claim, acknowledges your limitations to claim and may overturn your conclusion as well.

Qualifier is something like a way to express how your claim has been confined in some boundaries. It tells the readers that there are some areas where the validity of your claim doesn't exist. Here, my qualifier shall be, Boys, mainly in South Asian countries like India, Nepal, Pakistan,etc, are likely to play this addictive game.

Argumentative essay on "Experiment" based on Toulmin model

Experiment is the scientific approach of verifying your assumptions in a well manner. It furnishes your hypothesis with powerful validity and turns it into theory. Experiment either aims to call for a new theory or prove some prevalent theory to be wrong. Science needs accurate experiment and those performed with eligible and highly sophisticated innovations are, of course, considered to be very much reliable than utilizing local means or basic items.

It is obvious for us to understand that having experiment with inappropriate use of equipments will degrade the efficiency of experiment and may overturn your anticipated findings. There is the well-known case of German Scientist named Georg Ohm who postulated Ohm's law stating the relationship between current and voltage in the circuit. In his experiment, initially he used voltaic piles, which is simply an electrical battery firstly invented, and failed to establish the interconnection between current and voltage unless he used thermocouple which provided the stable voltage source in terms of internal resistance and constant voltage. Or there is the humorous case of a mechanical engineer who attempted to design peculiar structure of RADAR. With all her immense imagination, she created new design of device but manipulated all her calculations through the use of her iphone, ignoring the significant figures of decimal digits. Well, I am also reminded of the famous British Physicist JJ Thomson who actually discovered the tiny particles called "electron" but while trying to ascertain the charge of it, he performed experiment using water droplets which immediately evaporated within about 10 seconds when exposed to heat source and eventually failed to determine the charge of an electron. There has been many occasions where simple error of materials in experiments have made much difference, leading in a way not being able to draw conclusion in their experiments.

Going through advanced technologies will definitely ensure the great achievment in your work. When it comes to research, it is no surprise that scientists are using super computers to address the world's biggest challenges. From designing the model of global climate to discover alternative energy, the ability to process such massive amounts of data are only possible from super computer. Such benefits of innovations in experiment has been fully entertained in a well manner and making them extremely easy to discover new theory. Likewise, for the making of time-lapse video of our universe, Scientists, Engineers and technicians constructed 3.2 gigapixel sensor array for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, a massive telescope that allows to observe the universe like never before. This provides them with the ability to gather data more efficiently and at higher collection rates. Moreover, We can take a prominent instance of Henry Cavendish who intended to measure the density of our earth. The experimental apparatus consisted of torsion balance suspending lead spheres kept in separate room with external controls and telescopes for making observations. Using such equipments led him to eliminate every sources of error and its precision in measuring an astonishingly small value i.e 1/50,000,000 of the weight of the lead balls. Introducing advanced devices in experiment lead us to the facts that you will commit very less fallacies and finds the higher degree of accuracy. Higher level of applicable equipments ensures greater precision and takes you to very close value of unknown variable that you attempt to measure.

However, we shouldn't deny that there is a great discovery even through the use of unexpected or unworthy equipments in history of science. One of those can be exemplified by the case of Robert Hooke who was able to make a significant discovery of the smallest unit of living beings named as "cell" in spite of having very less powerful microscope on his days. In contrary to this, despite having all advanced entities, sometimes, pursues towards untruthful judgement because they are susceptible to errors indeed, because not even the most impressive minds are flawless, because we might make mistakes in any perfect circumstances we have. However, research with higher level of technology, significantly, contributes towards the greater productivity of outcomes.

Many of the scientists, researchers,engineers,technicians have made clarification that they find convenience and comfort while incorporating all the relevant advanced materials in their work. Computers attached with experimental apparatus, directly record data as it's generated and subject it to analysis through specially designed software. This clearly commend the preservation of their time and help them to allocate it for the upcoming experiments.

Experiments have been always vital in striding the scientific discoveries and theories. The proper and right use of the advanced materials in such experiments have played precious roles in order to present a precise and accurate form of results, from simple use of coin and feather by Galileo (to highlight the property of gravity )to prove the existence of gravitational waves using LIGO (Laser Interformeter Gravitational waves Observatory) . Thus, with the rapid and advancing technology, Science is progressing much rapidly because of more advanced experiments and research works, making impacts even in socio-economic fields of the world.